Sky Blog
Since the introduction of ChatGPT, large language models (LLMs) have completed a variety of tasks with impressive results, from summarizing complex documents to conducting sentiment analysis to extracting relevant information. But are LLMs up to even greater challenges like, say, …
The Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) section of annual reports is widely credited with providing valuable information about public companies. Yet largely unexplored is the extent to which narrative context influences and complements the numerical data presented in that section. …
How do companies based in countries with weak government institutions earn the trust of minority investors and raise capital? Where the rule of law and government enforcement cannot control corruption, insiders seem free to expropriate their company’s resources, making it …
A firm has two options when reporting its quarterly and annual earnings: It can report earnings based on generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), or it can report non-GAAP earnings by excluding (adding) certain expenses that will increase (decrease) its non-GAAP …
Each quarter, managers provide a summary of their firm’s accounting performance – a disclosure known as a quarterly earnings announcement. Earnings announcements attract significant attention from investors and media outlets because, if earnings are different than market expectations, stock price …
Can social media help firms improve communication with investors? In a recent paper, I argue that social media communication can give a firm an advantage over competitors in attracting attention to earnings announcements and lead to stronger price reaction to …
As the spotlight on boards, management teams, corporate performance and governance intensifies, as articles like the Bloomberg and Fortune profiles of Elliott Management (“The World’s Most Feared Investor—Why the World’s CEOs Fear Paul Singer” and “Whatever It Takes to Win—How …
It’s widely assumed that executives are less likely to inflate earnings at high profile companies under a good deal of regulatory oversight. And yet it’s also widely known that managers in high profile companies have an incentive to overstate their …
Post-earnings announcement drift (PEAD) is a well-documented and puzzlingly persistent market anomaly. Companies that report earnings higher than expected typically experience an upward drift in their stock prices while those that report earnings below what was anticipated see a downward …
Research has begun to analyze the tone and narrative structure of earnings announcements after decades of focusing on market reactions to the earnings news itself. One conclusion from this literature is that language matters – the tone (i.e., the excess …
Corporate short-termism has been much discussed over the past few decades, but has recently become a growing concern for the U.S. economy. Executives and politicians warn of increased market pressure on corporations to meet short-term performance metrics at the expense …
The pressure to meet earnings expectations has grown intense for U.S. companies, and may be damaging the health and safety of workers. Missing analyst estimates, even by a small amount, can lead to significant negative reactions from investors. For example, …