Sky Blog
For over a decade, the narrative of corporate governance was focused on the concentration of power. The “Big Three”asset managers – BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street – along with the two dominant proxy advisers, ISS and Glass Lewis, were seen …
In recent decades, the business world has undergone a significant paradigm shift. What began as largely voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives has evolved into a comprehensive framework of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) metrics. As demand for these metrics …
In a year of significant regulatory, geopolitical, technological and macroeconomic turbulence, boards have had to manage through an environment of uncertainty. Unpredictability caused by frequent policy shifts and evolving expectations and demands from governmental and market actors added complexity to …
The European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act is now law. Some provisions are already in effect, but others are still being finalized, so boards are being asked to take digital governance seriously while the legal floor under their feet is still …
In November 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Legal Bulletin 14L (“SLB 14L”), making it easier for shareholders to place environmental and social proposals on corporate ballots. The move was hailed by advocates for the environment as a …
On December 11, President Trump signed an Executive Order titled “Protecting American Investors from Foreign‑Owned and Politically‑Motivated Proxy Advisors” (the “Order”). The Order focuses on the “enormous influence” of proxy advisory firms, particularly Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. (“ISS”) …
In recent years, institutional investors have been at the center of the global effort to advance an economic transition toward sustainability. Asset managers are increasingly expected to use their financial influence to promote environmental, social and governance (ESG) objectives. However,
Between 2020 and the first half of 2024, corporations in a variety of industries adopted the language of social and environmental progress. They pledged to diversify their workforces, hired DEI professionals, denounced racial injustice, and announced plans to reduce greenhouse …
Banks and other corporations have been exploring green financing as a way to implement ESG business projects. Green loans and sustainability-linked loans (“SLLs”) are the major types of such financing. The former require the use of borrowed proceeds for green …
The backlash against environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) investing has been swift and fierce. More than 20 U.S. states have passed laws or taken administrative action targeting ESG considerations in asset management. Flows into ESG funds have slowed, and for …
A corporate governance revolution is underway. The conventional depiction of the U.S. capital markets has focused on the presence of large institutional shareholders and their substantial influence over the economy. But in the past two years, in response to political …
Robust shareholder engagement continues to be a critical component of corporate governance, as well as a key element of shareholder activism preparedness. Proactively maintaining a dialogue with the company’s largest shareholders allows the company to establish credibility, lay out its …
Critiques of both ESG and anti-ESG shareholder proposals[1] provide a valuable opportunity to clarify what matters in modern corporate governance: active shareholder participation, empirical evidence, and a holistic understanding of risk. While Michael Levin and others rightly highlight the …
The growing gap between CEO compensation and typical worker pay has become one of the most visible signs of rising economic inequality. In the United States, this gap has widened dramatically over the past several decades. While CEOs in the …
While shareholder proposals on governance are perennial favorites that win majority support from shareholders, advisory proposals that continue to receive significant support from a bloc of investors highlight areas in which enhanced corporate disclosure could be material to a significant …
In a recent paper, we offer fresh insights into how climate-related communication can materially influence corporate finance. We find that firms whose earnings calls contain positive climate change sentiments (effectively communicating firms’ contribution to protecting the environment) tend to have …
In a recent article, professors Jill Fisch and Jeff Schwartz argue that the beneficiary primacy model – requiring pension fund trustees to maximize economic value solely for beneficiaries – fundamentally misunderstands the nature of public pension funds. They contend …
The “anti-ESG” proposal arose somewhat recently, becoming more common within the past five or so years. Similar in spirit to ESG proposals, but their opposite. Like their conventional counterpart, they request a company consider or study or write a report
In a recent paper, we examine how the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CS3D) could reshape the behavior of American corporations. The CS3D holds large corporations legally accountable for how they protect human rights and the environment throughout …
Whose interests do public pension funds serve? On the one hand, they have a fiduciary duty to maximize value for the pension fund participants whose retirement savings they invest. On the other, they can use their considerable ownership stakes to …