Sky Blog
In a recent article, we explore the curious case of how regulators in the EU, UK, and United States treat two forms of insider trading — what we call “traditional insider trading” and “shadow trading.” The former, familiar to …
The under-pricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) has puzzled researchers for decades. First-day returns average around 15 percent, translating into billions of dollars left on the table by issuers and picked up by investors allocated shares in the IPO. The …
In a recent paper, we examine how the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CS3D) could reshape the behavior of American corporations. The CS3D holds large corporations legally accountable for how they protect human rights and the environment throughout …
In a new paper, I offer a comprehensive, empirically grounded reflection on the evolving architecture of corporate governance in Europe, with a particular emphasis on the Italian regulatory and market experience. My focus is on whether tenure voting rights, which
Shifting U.S. enforcement priorities may soon create a crisis in international anti-corruption efforts. For decades, the United States spearheaded those efforts through prosecutions under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). On February 10, however, President Donald Trump issued an Executive …
On April 8, 2025, a sweeping rule issued by the US Department of Justice (DOJ) took effect. The rule imposes restrictions—and in some cases, outright prohibitions—on US companies in connection with certain types of data brokerage, vendor relationships, employment arrangements, …
Venture capital (VC) is a key driver of economic growth. A substantial body of legal and financial scholarship has examined the institutional factors that shape VC activity. In the first of two papers, we build on the idea that the …
Deployment of generative AI expanded rapidly across many industries in 2024, leading to broadly increased productivity, return on investment and other benefits. At the same time, AI was also a focus for lawmakers, regulators and courts. There are currently 27 …
In this article, we reflect on key trends in ESG over the second half of 2024 and look ahead at trends that may emerge in 2025.
We …
The digital economy has put antitrust regulation in the spotlight, with increasingly dominant technology companies – such as Amazon, Google, Facebook (Meta), Apple, and Microsoft – reviving concerns about private monopolies reminiscent of Standard Oil and AT&T. Yet the enforcement …
In the United States, there is talk of a backlash against ESG, while in Europe, the number of laws requiring companies to comply with ESG standards is growing steadily. This difference in attitude and approach toward ESG may, in part, …
The modern economy is fueled by personal data. Described as the “new gold” or “new oil” of today’s digital economy, data are being monitored, collected, and analyzed by public and private entities for strategic and economic value. Coupled with artificial …
I teach a course on “Financial Crises/Regulatory Responses” with the economist Patrick Bolton. This course addresses the struggle to establish and maintain financial stability, an apex goal of the financial system. Last week, I told the students that by the …
Global efforts to enhance anti-money laundering (AML) measures to combat financial crime are increasing. In this extract from a recent Clifford Chance webinar, we look at the latest AML trends in the EU, US, UK and Singapore and what …
The venue for stock trading is important. Exchanges provide high immediacy and transparency, while dark markets are slower and more opaque.[1] Traders generally prefer exchanges when they want to capitalize on information before it becomes known but value dark markets …
Private firms are the backbone of our economies, influencing everything from investment levels to job creation to market competition. Given their collective significance, various regulatory agencies outside the U.S. impose financial disclosure (and sometimes audit) requirements on these firms. In …
The European Court of Justice (“ECJ”) has upheld an appeal against the European Commission’s ability to accept referrals under Article 22 of the EU Merger Regulation (“EUMR”) from national competition authorities who are not competent to …
In the realm of corporate law, board directors are bound by fiduciary duties of loyalty and care to both the company and its stockholders.[1] The interpretation of these duties, however, is national, even in the European Union, despite its …
In its approach to digital assets, the Securities and Exchange Commission has been criticized for regulating by enforcement. In reality, the SEC has taken a twofold approach. In addition to bringing lawsuits against crypto exchanges, the commission has proposed amending …
ESG ratings play an important role in helping companies and financial institutions integrate sustainability into their decisions. Yet critics argue that regulations are needed to address the ratings’ many shortcomings: a lack of transparency in the methodologies behind them, the …