Sky Blog
On April 7, 2025, Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche issued a memorandum to all Department of Justice employees (the “Memorandum”) announcing an overhaul of previous enforcement directives relating to digital assets. The Deputy Attorney General issued the Memorandum consistent with …
The common law of fraudulent misrepresentation, whether in tort or contract, balances the alleged fraudster’s intentional deception against the victim’s unjustified reliance. The law does not reward the victim who should have known better than to trust the fraudster’s representations. …
On October 17, 2023, the Division of Enforcement (the Division) of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC or the Commission) issued an advisory to Division staff providing guidance on what recommendations the Division will make to the Commission regarding penalties, …
On October 11, 2022, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) announced settlements for approximately $24 million and $29 million, respectively, with virtual currency exchange Bittrex, Inc. (Bittrex). …
There has been significant regulatory attention recently to “dark patterns,” including FTC guidance, state privacy laws, and state and federal enforcement actions. Some of this activity involves new regulations, and some is based on decades-old consumer protection laws …
Merger control authorities in many jurisdictions are taking a more aggressive and expansive approach when reviewing industry-consolidating transactions, and some are using the merger clearance process to advance policy objectives involving areas far beyond those of traditional competition. In addition, …
Thank you, Ray, for that introduction, and thank you all for having me today. I’m sorry that I am not able to be there in person but appreciate the ability to join you virtually.
I have three priorities for my …
Despite its significant role in preventing and deterring wrongdoing, corporate compliance’s long-term prospects remain an open question. How strongly does a company’s inclination to redress wrongdoing rest on a credible threat of outside enforcement?
This is one of the questions …
On April 22, a unanimous U.S. Supreme Court held in AMG Capital Management, LLC v. Federal Trade Commission[1] that Section 13(b) of the Federal Trade Commission Act does not give the Federal Trade Commission the authority to seek (or …
The new Article 22 EU Merger Regulation (EUMR) Guidance[1] released by the European Commission (EC) enables the EC to review any acquisition, even those that do not qualify for notification under national (or EU) merger control rules.
On March 10, 2021, the United States Senate confirmed D.C. Circuit Judge Merrick Garland as the incoming Attorney General to lead the Department of Justice (DOJ). The confirmation of Biden’s nominee to lead the Securities & Exchange Comission (SEC), Gary …
Rule 10b-5, the federal antifraud catch-all, applies to both public and private company securities. Yet the voluminous case law, and the related scholarly literature, has focused primarily on public corporations and markets.
This state of the world sufficed for …
For the next several weeks and months, intense focus will be trained on determining the priorities of the Biden administration. We believe that at the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the new administration will ramp up examinations and investigations of …
As we write this memorandum, a new administration is forming in Washington, with new leadership teams being nominated at DOJ, SEC, CFTC and other regulatory and law-enforcement agencies — thus prompting the question of what these changes may portend for …
My article, Enforcement Against the Biggest Banks, takes a census of the hundreds of enforcement actions by American regulators against the world’s largest banks between the passage of Dodd-Frank in July 2010 and December 31, 2016, near the end …
In 2012, Mary L. Schapiro, the chairwoman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, argued that market participants had “short memories” and that the SEC as a result had to take regular enforcement actions “so that people don’t forget that they …
There is often a significant delay between the start of an activity that ends up being regulated and the moment a regulatory response is announced or adopted. This regulatory lag (RegLag) enables individuals, firms, and regulators to engage in undesirable …
In a recent article, I compile a comprehensive toolkit for researchers investigating political influences on enforcement, compliance, and corporate governance outcomes. I review different conceptualizations of politics in regulatory theory. I collect both qualitative and quantitative empirical studies that …
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, or the CARES Act, which was signed into law on March 27, 2020, provided for the establishment and expansion of a range of economic assistance programs designed to help U.S. businesses manage …
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has a three-part mission: to protect investors; maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets; and facilitate capital formation. SEC investigations and enforcement actions play a critical role in carrying out each of these objectives. …