Sky Blog
On December 14, ISS released its Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) documents on U.S. Compensation Policies and U.S. Equity Compensation Plans as well as a whitepaper on Pay-for-Performance Mechanics designed to help stakeholders understand upcoming changes to its compensation-related methodologies. These …
In July 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued a ruling on The DAO, a decentralized smart-contract based investment fund, determining that the tokens it sold were unregistered securities and warning that other initial coin offerings (ICO) may need …
In my article Chapter 11, Corporate Governance and the Role of Examiners, I propose a possible solution to corporate governance problems caused by the debtor-in-possession model of Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings.
Does the quality of legal and other institutions make a difference to economic development and growth? In their very well-known studies of the relation between law and finance, Andrei Shleifer and his collaborators (in particular Rafael La Porta and Simeon …
On November 16, 2017, Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”) issued its updated proxy voting guidelines for the upcoming 2018 proxy season. Notable updates applicable to U.S. companies include new or revised policies:
The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in firms’ engagement with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in response to the needs and expectations of a wide range of stakeholders. CSR practices can be understood as voluntary steps to improve …
In recent years, there has been considerable criticism of the amount of money that CEOs earn to run the largest U.S. companies. Governance researchers have expended considerable resources examining executive compensation in an effort to determine whether pay levels are …
The two most influential proxy advisory firms—Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”) and Glass, Lewis & Co. (“Glass Lewis”)—recently released their updated proxy voting guidelines for 2018. The key changes to the ISS and Glass Lewis policies are described below along with …
As 2017 draws to a conclusion and we reflect on the evolution of corporate governance since the turn of the millennium, a recurring question percolating in boardrooms and among shareholders and other stakeholders, academics and politicians is: what’s next on …
Fiscal policy—and taxation in particular—is one of the most important tools that policymakers can use to influence the economy. While the effect of corporate taxes on managers’ corporate investment decisions has been extensively studied, little is known about the effect …
After years of growing concern over the reach and power of multinational corporations (MNCs), there has been increasing interest in a variety of means to improve their transparency and accountability. In particular, many people have focused on the responsibility of …
Although China seems to have taken far longer than Western developed nations such as the UK, the U.S., and Germany to create a modern corporate system, the imperial Qing government promulgated as early as 1904 a corporate law that included …
“Deal Activism,” in which activists invest to oppose announced deals, has become an increasingly frequent component of the activist playbook. While efforts by the target company’s shareholders to oppose a deal to secure a higher bid have received the most …
It is well known that banks play an important role in monitoring borrowing firms (e.g., Diamond, 1984). Yet, how banks choose among alternative mechanisms that reduce agency costs with borrowers is not completely understood. In our paper, “Bank Relations and …
The separation of corporate ownership from control leads to an agency problem caused by the divergent interests of shareholders (the principals) and management (the agent). One area of contention is the level of risk-taking by the firm. Managers’ investment in …
The recently proposed Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) includes executive compensation tax reforms that, if enacted, would have significant implications for the way in which companies structure their compensation programs.
The Act was introduced in the U.S. House …
The SEC Division of Corporate Finance recently provided useful guidance on excluding certain Rule 14a-8 shareholder proposals (Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14I). While helpful, we hope the SEC will undertake a much-needed comprehensive review of Rule 14a-8, including …
In recent years, executive compensation in the U.S. has become a hotly debated issue. A central point of contention is peer benchmarking, an integral part of the pay-setting process in which firms compare their executives’ compensation with that of rivals …
Hedge fund activism has transformed the corporate governance landscape – possibly for better, possibly for worse. But as activist funds emerge as the newest and most potent players in corporate governance, there is one certainty: New agency costs also arise. …