Columbia Law School
Sky Blog
My first few weeks at the Securities and Exchange Commission have been a whirlwind—and just to be clear, I am not talking about the markets.[1] In a few short weeks, I have gotten a crash course on SEC policymaking—and
Securities Regulation
Clifford Chance Discusses the Role of the CFTC in the Regulation of Bitcoin
The remarkable growth and volatility of Bitcoin and other virtual currencies has raised the question of how these markets are regulated. The CFTC has emerged as “the federal overseer of digital currencies like bitcoin,” according to Bloomberg.[1] Other federal …
Debevoise on Blockchain Tokens and Initial Coin Offerings: New Year, New Perspective
Sales of blockchain tokens in so-called initial coin offerings (“ICOs”)[1] exploded in 2017. According to CoinSchedule, a website that tracks ICO (or digital token sale) data, the total amount raised in ICOs in 2017 was $3,700,682,293, which compares to …
How Shareholder Litigation Affects Firm Disclosure
Litigation allows shareholders to seek remedies for fiduciary breaches by managers or directors, such as when there has been a misrepresentation of financial results or illegal insider trading. Twitter, for example, faces a derivative lawsuit alleging that executives provided misleading …
Cleary Discusses SEC’s Freeze of Allegedly Fraudulent “Decentralized Bank” ICO
On January 30, 2018, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced[1] that it had obtained an order from a U.S. District Court in Dallas, Texas, halting an allegedly fraudulent initial coin offering scheme. The SEC’s complaint alleges that …
Financial Supervisors and RegTech: Four Roles and Four Challenges
Financial institutions and their regulators have long been early adopters of new information technologies (IT). In a short essay based on two posts for the Oxford Business Law Blog (available here and here), I first identify four uses of …
Does Conservative Reporting Deter Securities Class Action Lawsuits?
The number of accounting-related class action lawsuits has increased in recent decades, imposing billions of dollars of direct and indirect costs on public companies and, eventually, their shareholders each year. Although accounting theory says that litigation risk generates accounting conservatism …
SEC Chair Clayton Testifies About Virtual Currencies
Chairman Crapo, Ranking Member Brown and distinguished senators of the Committee, thank you for the opportunity to testify before you today.[1] I am pleased that the Committee is holding this hearing to bring greater focus to the important issues …
Optimal Disclosure and Litigation Rules around IPOs and SEOs
In recent years, there have been a number of reforms to the legal and regulatory framework governing disclosures and litigation around initial public offerings (IPOs) and seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). The most prominent of these are the JOBS Act of …
How Chinese Investments Can Pass CFIUS Scrutiny
It is no secret that Chinese investments in the United States can face an uphill battle at the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”). CFIUS is an interagency committee of the U.S. government that has broad jurisdiction …
Materiality Disclosures and Their Effect on Investors’ Decisions
Auditors consider misstatements or omissions in financial statements to be material if they could influence the economic decisions of financial statement users. Additionally, materiality affects how auditors plan and perform an audit and evaluate identified misstatements. Regulators in the UK …
Wachtell Discusses What to Expect in White Collar and Regulatory Enforcement for 2018
In our memo last year, we acknowledged that it was close to impossible to predict the likely impact that the newly elected Trump administration would have on white-collar and regulatory enforcement. (White Collar and Regulatory Enforcement: What to Expect …
Clifford Chance on France’s Pioneering Blockchain Legal Framework for Unlisted Securities
While blockchain, legally referred to as distributed ledger technology (DLT), or dispositif d’enregistrement électronique partagé (DEEP) in French, was first developed for the creation of virtual currencies such as bitcoin, it is also a technology that allows for …
Gibson Dunn Offers Securities Enforcement Update for 2017
2017 was the prototypical transition year for the SEC. In contrast to many other federal agencies under the current administration, the new SEC leadership did not promise a wholesale rethinking of the agency’s mandate. Rather, they seemed to signal minor …
Preserving Capital Markets Efficiency in the High-Frequency Trading Era
Automation and new technology have dramatically changed trading on equity markets over the past 20 years, and algorithmic and High-Frequency Trading (HFT) have become prominent in U.S. and European financial markets, while regulation has been slow to adapt. Despite increasing …
SEC Chair Talks Blockchain Scrutiny, Dodd-Frank Rulemaking, and Expectations for Gatekeepers
Thank you for that warm welcome.[1] I am delighted to join you today by videoconference. I know Meredith [Cross] has prepared questions. I look forward to answering those, as well as questions from this distinguished audience. When I was
Nonfinancial Risk Disclosure and the Costs of Private Ordering
2017 was a year of major developments that are changing how companies disclose nonfinancial environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risk to investors. In January, regulations implementing the European Union’s 2014 Nonfinancial Reporting Directive took effect for certain large companies operating …
Sheppard Mullin Discusses the Future of CFIUS After Proposed Reforms
‘Tis the season to wonder, what will 2018 bring? We may speculate on things like a private company making a moon landing or a peace accord with North Korea. We may be certain of things like well-intentioned gym memberships and …
Poetic Expansions of Insider Trading Liability
The courts have consistently held since the Supreme Court decided Dirks v. SEC in 1983[1] that tipper-tippee insider trading liability requires proof that the tipper personally benefited from the tip.
This personal benefit test can pose significant challenges to …
K&L Gates Discusses the SEC’s TPG Settlement and Approach to Private Equity Fees
On December 21, 2017 the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) published a settlement order[1] with TPG Capital Advisors, LLC (“TPG”) arising from insufficient disclosure regarding the acceleration of monitoring fees paid by portfolio companies owned by private …