Sky Blog
In determining how much to pay their CEOs, U.S. companies typically use “benchmarking,” setting compensation at or above the median of what peer firms pay their CEOs. This practice is designed to enable firms to retain talented CEOs and to …
Yesterday’s news that Tesla’s chief executive, Elon Musk, asked a supplier to redirect scarce chips needed for artificial-intelligence development from Tesla to other Musk-owned companies followed reports that Donald Trump is considering Musk for a role in a new administration. …
How do directors add value to corporations, and what are their incentives? They add value through monitoring and advising management – although monitoring seems to have taken precedence in the wake of high-profile financial scandals. As for directors’ incentives, the …
Actively managed mutual funds invest with the goal of outperforming a benchmark index or achieving an investment objective. Many academic studies focus on whether mutual funds outperform benchmark returns and debate whether abnormal returns can be attributed to skill or …
Corporate insiders engage in “shadow trading” when they use private information about their own firm to trade in the shares of economically connected companies such as suppliers, customers, or competitors. While legal scholars have long recognized that shadow trading can …
Engaged shareholder voting is often perceived as the linchpin of sound corporate governance. That reputation is well deserved: Even as corporate governance has broadened its sights of late to accommodate a wider set of stakeholders, the pivotal role of shareholders …
Over the past several decades, researchers have taken a serious look at the quality of CEO succession planning at publicly traded corporations. The results have not been encouraging. The evidence suggests that many companies are slow to terminate an under-performing …
The newly released Chief Legal Officers Survey (“Survey”) from the Association of Corporate Counsel (“ACC”)[1] is an important governance resource on s board’s responsibility to exercise oversight of a company’s legal affairs in general and the operation of its …
Though mergers and acquisitions bring companies together in expensive and thoroughly documented transactions, many end eventually in ruptured unions. In a recent study of 1,365 mergers and acquisitions by S&P 500 firms between 1983 and 2010, we found that 46 …
CEO activism – CEOs expressing their views on social, environmental, and political issues – is growing, likely driven by popular opinion that CEOs have a duty to stand up for important issues of the day. A 2018 survey of 3,544 …
The ever-evolving challenges facing corporate boards prompt periodic updates to a snapshot of what is expected from the board of directors of a public company—not just the legal rules, or the principles published by institutional investors and various corporate and …
The newly released Chief Legal Officers survey (“Survey”) from the Association of Corporate Counsel (“ACC”)[1] is an important governance development to the extent that it supports a board’s ability to exercise oversight of its company’s legal department. Overall, the …
The replacement of a CEO is one of the most important responsibilities of corporate boards. The most common theoretical underpinning of CEO replacement is related to CEO ability: The corporate board learns about the ability of its CEO from firm …
Private equity (PE) firms influence their buyout targets in many ways. The literature documents that PE improves target firms’ operational practices, productivity, and innovation while cutting existing jobs and creating new ones. It is far less clear whether and how …
In the 2019 proxy season, “overboarding” became a center-stage issue for many companies and investors. Several large asset managers, including Vanguard, BlackRock, and LGIM, enhanced their voting guidelines to apply stricter criteria, while some directors serving on multiple public company …
Critics of the shareholder-primacy model assert that it is flawed because it encourages managers to adopt a myopic view of profit generation that forgoes necessary investment and creates externalities borne by society. These critics argue that greater attention should be …
The media, investors, and regulators often consider trading by corporate insiders to be a signal of firm value, given that insiders know their business better than do others. Although trading on material, non-public information can be illegal in the U.S., …
Gender diversity on boards is a leading issue in corporate governance, as has been made clear by anecdotal evidence that associates board gender diversity with better boardroom practices (e.g., Credit Suisse Research Institute, 2016 [1]; Morgan Stanley Research, 2018 [2]) …
While shareholder activism has drawn close attention, the activism of managers has been largely overlooked. One way CEOs may engage in activism is through collective action in business groups. This type of activism allows managers to coordinate among themselves and …
Compensation disclosures have grown significantly over the last decade (mostly for the better), and they continue to evolve with the ongoing engagement between companies and shareholders. Certain compensation practices are known for raising investor concerns, leading to difficult conversations between …