Sky Blog
Debates on whether to simplify financial regulations are often framed as if complexity were a technical inconvenience –an unfortunate by-product of legislative over-exuberance that could be corrected by pruning rulebooks and consolidating texts. Yet the reality is not so simple. …
Over the past two decades, investor demand for firms’ non-financial information, particularly Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) data, has surged. This has led to the emergence of numerous ESG rating agencies, which assimilate and transform complex, non-financial disclosures into more …
Blockchain technology promises a future where intermediaries, such as banks and governments, are no longer necessary to facilitate transactions or enforce rules. Instead, trust is embedded directly into the system through cryptography and consensus mechanisms. Blockchains underpin cryptocurrencies …
In a new paper, we explore the often-misunderstood role of short sellers in corporate misconduct and securities class actions. Short sellers are investors who bet on a future decline in a company’s stock price. While their actions are sometimes criticized …
Can we speak of a “purpose” for corporations or, more broadly, corporate law? The doctrine of shareholder primacy has long had an easy answer: Both individual corporations and corporate law should strive to maximize shareholder wealth. But this reductive and …
Foundation ownership represents a distinct form of corporate governance that challenges the traditional profit-maximization motive of the shareholder capitalism model. Foundations are independent self-governing bodies that own and control companies and pursue both commercial and social (often philanthropic) goals. As …
Artificial intelligence (AI)[1] was the biggest technology news of 2023. AI continues to revolutionize business in big and small ways, ranging from disrupting entire business models to making basic support functions more efficient. Observers have rightly focused on the …
Global supply chains (GSCs) have become increasingly complex and fragmented over the last few decades due to advances in transportation and production technology, economic globalization, and the emergence of multinational corporations (MNCs). Despite their benefits, GSCs present significant risks of …
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is typically assumed to be a voluntary rather than mandatory initiative. Yet, over the past few decades, a growing number of countries have adopted laws that explicitly require corporations to undertake CSR.
To date, most scholarly …
Events of recent weeks and months have starkly illuminated the effects of systemic racism and injustice on Black Americans, including threats to physical safety, psychological trauma and economic disparity. CEOs worldwide and across industries have spoken out, expressing their horror …
In a recent paper, we argue that outside investors are cautious about financing start-ups because such companies often lack a track record and tend to be managed in a less-than professional manner, with founders sometimes putting their own interests …
Proxy voting decisions are characterized by strong strategic complementary relationships in the sense that the utility to a shareholder from voting in a particular manner increases with the extent that other shareholders vote in the same manner. Such complementarities arise …
Related party transactions (RPTs) refer to a transfer of resources, services, or obligations between a reporting entity and a related party and usually offer insiders a way to expropriate wealth from other investors via self-dealing. Both the Financial Accounting Standards …
Private ordering has become a common way to restructure key aspects of public corporation governance. Stockholder activists and boards of directors alike are testing the bounds of the freedom to contract in the charter and bylaws, adopting provisions aimed at …
Despite the hype, blockchain technology remains in an early phase of development. Indeed, for many public blockchain protocols, the process of building consensus around the desired trajectory of the code base remains under-conceptualized and informal. Such uncertainty has led to …
What does boardroom culture yield when a board commits to a broad embrace of diversity—including diversity of gender, ideas, ethnicity, race, education, age, and skills? Do chances improve for decisions that help lead the company to maximize its potential and …
In spite of intensive academic research on capital expenditure efficiency, how firms make investment decisions remains largely a black box. We analyze that process by dividing it into two stages: budgeting of capital expenditures (CapEx) and execution of the budget. …
Over the past three decades, shareholder proposals have transformed the corporate landscape in the U.S. by spurring the adoption of governance best practices. Annual director elections, majority vote rules for director elections, shareholder approval for poison pills, and proxy access …
A vast literature studies the effects of antitakeover provisions (ATPs) on firm value. The academic consensus is that ATPs harm firm value because they partly insulate managers from the threat of takeover, and that view has become very influential. Prominent …
As a whole, 2018 proved to be another strong year for M&A. Total deal volume reached almost $4.2 trillion globally, higher than the $3.7 trillion volume of 2017, but still less than the record of over $5 trillion set in …