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Did Public Firms’ Financial Reporting Affect U.S. Manufacturing?
U.S. manufacturing employment fell by more than 40 percent over the last two decades, from 18 percent of the total U.S. workforce in 1997 to just 10 percent by 2018. Prior work identifies increased import competition from foreign competitors as …
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A Short History of the Choice-of-Law Clause
The choice-of-law clause is now omnipresent. A recent study found that these clauses can be found in 75 percent of material agreements executed by large public companies in the United States. The popularity of such clauses in contemporary practice raises …
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Technology Firms and the Limits on Regulatory Arbitrage
Regulatory arbitrage refers to structuring activity to take advantage of gaps or differences in regulations or laws. Examples include everything from tax shelters and shadow banking to the cross-border mobility of corporations. Scholarly discussion of regulatory arbitrage has tended to …
Arnold & Porter Discusses Federal Reserve Developments on Confidential Supervisory Information
The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (FRB) issued two notable documents over the past two weeks involving confidential supervisory information (CSI): a cease and desist order against a former bank employee for improper handling of CSI and …
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Executive Compensation: Is It Corrupted?
There is a general view that executive compensation in corporate America is inefficient and corrupted. Discontent with executive pay is not a recent trend; rather, “scrutinizing, criticizing, and regulating high levels of executive pay has been an American pastime for …
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How Can Humans Work With Artificial Intelligence?
How will artificial intelligence (AI) influence the workplace of the future and thereby the human working condition? The focus of this discussion has been on the rather tautological conclusion that many current jobs will eventually be performed by machines. In …
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Protecting Against Protectionism in EU M&A
In a recent paper, we explore EU law covering EU cross-border mergers. These are typically more difficult and costlier than purely national mergers. Additionally, political hurdles can exist. In a time of global political and institutional transformations away from …
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Assessing Why Compliance Programs Fail
Compliance programs are ubiquitous and necessary in today’s institutions, yet these programs often fail to prevent misconduct. When investigating Michigan State University in the wake of the Larry Nassar scandal, for instance, the NCAA found no flaw with the university’s …
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The Case Against Infinite Arbitration Clauses
For decades, the Supreme Court has expanded the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA), and companies have inserted arbitration clauses in hundreds of millions of consumer and employment contracts. But in an article forthcoming in the University of Pennsylvania Law Review, …
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Does Public Ownership and Accountability Increase Diversity?
For two generations, U.S. companies, regulators, and activists have grappled with how to increase employment diversity in large firms. Quotas and other explicit hiring targets have tended to fare poorly in the courts. Instead, diversity policies have come to focus …
Arnold & Porter Discusses Insider Trading’s Personal Benefit Test After Martoma, Gupta, and Other Recent Cases
On January 24, former SAC Capital Advisors portfolio manager Mathew Martoma petitioned the Supreme Court to review his 2014 conviction for insider trading. Martoma’s conviction stems from activity in 2008 when he paid a doctor from the University of Michigan …
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Putting Technology to Good Use: The Role of Corporate, Competition, and Tax Law
Innovation and its main output, technology, are changing the way we work, socialize, vote, and live. New technologies have improved our lives and made firms more productive, raising living standards across the world. Thanks to progress in information technology, the …
Cleary Gottlieb Reviews 2018 Cybersecurity and Data Privacy Developments
In 2018, data privacy and cyber breaches made headlines throughout the year. Major companies continued to suffer data breaches, highlighting the risks and potential costs of cyber incidents across industries. At the same time, a growing and overlapping thicket of …
Fried Frank on How the Government Shutdown Affects M&A, the SEC, and Litigation
We summarize below the key impact of the federal government’s partial shutdown on M&A transactions, SEC and Investment Adviser filings and registrations, government contracts, and litigation. This information may change if the shutdown continues for a lengthy period.
In general, …
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The Effect of Gig Workers on Stock Prices
Gig workers, who are hired to complete a project, or “gig,” constitute a significant portion of the workforce. The McKinsey Global Institute states that gig workers make up between 20 and 30 percent of all workers in the U.S. and …
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How Arbitrators Interpret Contracts
I suspect that most issues of contract interpretation call for the application of what Stefan Vogenauer has termed “universal hermeneutic truths”—that is, the search for meaning by going no further than “common sense” and how language is “commonly and naturally …
Cleary Gottlieb Discusses Non-Disparagement Clauses
In September, former Uber executive Eric Alexander filed a complaint (the “Complaint”) against another former Uber executive, Rachel Whetstone. The Complaint alleges breach of a mutual non-disparagement clause in Whetstone’s separation agreement with Uber; a clause that Whetstone, during her …
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The Hollowed Out Common Law
There are two striking features about the ways in which contracts stemming from the electronic marketplace are adjudicated today. The first is the steady decline in the number of cases litigated in state court as compared with the federal forum. …
Arnold & Porter Compares New California Privacy Law With the EU’s Privacy Regime
On September 23, 2018, the governor of California signed into law an amended version of the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA),[1] which was originally enacted in late June 2018. The amendments are a partial response to extensive …